China

Country Profile

The formation of China goes way back to the dawn of civilization as documented ancient writings show that the countries originated some 4,000 years. China was first ruled by dynasties; and emperors headed these various dynasties. The ruling emperors had excessive power; they were approached with apprehension and respect. The many dynasties that ruled China had started out with the Xia, which held the thrown from the twenty-first century to the sixteenth century. The other dynasties all overthrew and caused the downfall of the dynasty before them only to rule themselves. The dynasties ruled as the following; The Shang dynasty lasted approximately from 1700 to 1027 B.C., the Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other, and it subsisted from 1027 to 221 B.C. In 771 B.C barbarians and rebel lords killed the king of the Zhou. The Zhou era is divided as the following Western Zhou (1027-771 B.C.) and Eastern Zhou (770-221 B.C.), and finally the Qing dynasty that fell in 1911.

After centuries of rule by the dynasties this great land evolved and then came the birth of Republican China. The ruler Yuan Shikai was dictator who had suppressed rebellions and assassinated those who stood in his way. He suspended the parliament and any other ruling power. He then forced the promulgation of a new constitution that made him president for life. In 1915 Yuan still unsatisfied announced that he would bring back the monarchy.

Every corner in China opposed and many provinces declared independence. With the entire country against him Yuan died of natural causes in 1916. With Japan threatening China and China’s war against Germany both countries had land that in truth belonged to China. In 1917 Sun Yat-sen had hope to rekindle the notion of Republican China. He brought back the Guomindang (The Nationalist Party) in opposition of the government in Beijing. Later in 1921 Sun became president of the southern government and spent the rest of his time plotting to unit the south with the north. In 1923 the Soviet Union had signed on to assist in China’s national unification. There was this rivalry and undeclared war between the Nationalists and Communists. By 1927 The Nationalists had conquered most of China and had been recognized internationally as the legitimate government of China. During the decade of 1928-37 was when the Guomindang spread unity through China by various programs. They had improved the country by building railroads and highways, improving public health, renew the countries legal and justice system, and change several things to progress economically. China and the Chinese grew stronger and because of self-progression feelings of fulfillment spread throughout the Chinese community. Mao Zedong a communist who was responsible for the growth of the CCP, and by doing that the CCP was a main factor in the downfall of the Nationalist government, the other being the Japanese conflict which arose in the 1930’s and was over in the end of World War 2. In the 1940’s Mao Zedong had teachings that became the main beliefs of the CCP doctrine that became known as Mao Zedong thought.

By 1948 the Nationalists were down on their luck. After a tiring war with the Japanese they weren’t very ready for the Communists because in January 1949 the capital Beiping (named by the Nationalists) was changed back to Beijing. Within months the Communists had control over most of China. October 1, 1949 the day the People’s Republic of China was officially established. The dawn of a new China and the government of China that is based on the Marxism-Leninism-Zedong Thought that advocates the overthrow of capitalism by the revolution of the working class. Communism is the equalization of the social conditions of life; which eliminates the inequalities of personal possession of property by distributing all wealth equally to all, or by holding all wealth in common for the equal use and advantage of all. The Chinese led by the CCP have led China to countless achievements economically, educationally, scientifically, and the people’s living standards have immensely improved.

The Republic of China’s constitution states that there are six components that make up the country’s state organs. The principle organs of state power are the President, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People’s Court and the procurator-general of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. The supreme organ that leads all other five organs is the National People’s Congress (NPC); they also have to answer to the NPC and the Congressional Standing Committee. Among eight other parties in the NPC the CCP holds most of the seats. China a country of relatively large size and strength is stable economically and socially. Some problems occur from within, problems occur because of the fact that it’s logically impossible to have complete power and give economic freedom to citizens. Overall China is doing very well politically and economically.

China’s vast area with its diverse climates and elevations provide China with a wide array of minerals, yet China suffers from a serious resource insufficiency. Among China’s natural resources are coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, and hydropower (worlds largest). Agriculture plays an important role in China’s resources since about 85% of the planted area of China's land is for food crops; these food crops being rice, wheat, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, cotton, oil seed, pork and fish.

China’s exports include machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, footwear, toys and sporting goods, and mineral fuels. It has trade agreements with the following countries, United States (MFN), Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Singapore, and Taiwan. Among China’s imports are machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, plastics, chemicals, iron, steel and oil. Import partners are Japan, Gulf Council Countries, Taiwan, South Korea, United States, Germany, Hong Kong, Russia and Malaysia.

China badly suffers from resource insufficiency and so it has to import some vitally needed mineral resources such as oil and copper. It also imports coal from Russia and the States with a society growing as fast as China it’s needs for minerals will rise and so will it’s imports of raw materials to accommodate its rapid increasing industrial power.

The Chinese culture is remarkable for its duration and diversity. China is the home of over 1,273,111,290 setting a record for the country with the highest population. Due to having more than one-fifth of the world’s population there are numerous ethnic, religious and literacy diversities. The multinational country of China has over 55 different ethnic groups; the largest group is Hans that make up 92% of the population. The other 8% is made up of 54 divergent ethnicities; among them are Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uygur, Yi, Mongolian, Tibetan, Buyi, Korea, and other ethnic minorities. Wherever these ethnic minorities are found in large numbers the government prides itself on it taking great care economically, educationally, and they can have self-governing.

There are several religions in China. But the one that is known and most commonly spread throughout the people is Atheist, a religion where people don’t believe in God. The other religions that are practiced and believed in China is Confucianism that is mainly dependent on the relationships between family members, it’s often viewed as a philosophy rather than a religion. Buddhism an outside influence from India and it’s mostly about peace and tranquility, and there is Taoism in which you achieve body immortality. Taoism doesn’t always agree with the Buddhist beliefs. The non-atheist religions are Islam 3% and Christianity 1%. Languages differ and vary they are StaChinese or Mandarin, Yue, Wu, Minnan, Xiang, Gann, and Hakka dialects.

Migrations have occurred often throughout the history of China. In the older days it was because of political suppression, but nowadays it’s economic reasons. Economically China is stable, but with the immensely large amount of people it has issues of poverty, people then leave to achieve economic constancy.

China has made its mark on the tapestry of time, form the Great Wall of China to Confucius Teachings, surpassing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences. It has stood as a leading civilization since the beginning of time, from the 2nd millennium BC till this day. Dynasty after Dynasty ruled larger parts of what is now China. When European expansionism began in Asia in the 16th century, Chinese history changed forever. China was not ready to confront stronger European military power. Thus by the early 20th century China's weakness compared to the European powers had become the impetus for a revolution against the dynastic system. Chinese revolutionaries overthrew the last dynasty in 1911, and for several decades the country was being destroyed by warlords, civil war, and Japanese invasions

After World War II, the Communists under Moa Zedong established a dictatorship in 1949. Although it did insure China's sovereignty, it had strict control on every day life. The most significant changes were first the "Cultural Revolution" which was a campaign that helped Moa Zedong eliminate his rivals and change Chinese society forever. As a result there was social and political chaos, thousands died and 10 million were imprisoned or exiled. The second change was the planned economy.

After Zhou Enali’s death Deng Xiaoping the former deputy premir who was appointed by Zhou was thrown out of the party by the "Gang of Four" .But after Mao’s death and their fall later that year, he was reinstated by Hua Guofeng in 1977. He took the power from Hua and started a massive redevelopment of China. The biggest reform was the economic reform which reintroduced aspects of a free-market economy and encouraged foreign investment. Output quadrupled in the next 20 years and China now has the world's largest GDP.

In the 1950s China’s Communist government began bringing a majority of economic activity under state control and determing production, pricing, and distribution of goods and services. This system is known as a planned economy, also called a command economy. In 1979 China began implementing economic reforms to expand and modernize its economy. The reforms have gradually lessened the government’s control of the economy, allowing some aspects of a market economy and encouraging foreign investment; however, the state-owned sector remains the core of China’s economy. China refers to this new system as a "socialist market economy". As a result of the reforms, China’s economy grew at an average annual rate of 10.2 percent in the 1980s and by 10.3 percent annually in the period of 1990-2000. This was among the highest growth rates in the world. However, the reforms also have caused problems for China’s economic planners. Income gaps have widened, unemployment has increased, and inflation has resulted from the extremely rapid and unbalanced development. In 2000 China’s gross domestic product (GDP) was $1,079.9 billion.

The size of the country’s economy makes China a significant economic power; despite this, it remains a low-income, developing country because it must support a huge population of more than 1.2 billion. In 2000 China’s per capita GDP was just $860. Industrial activity (manufacturing, mining, and construction) contributes the largest percentage of the country’s GDP, amounting to 51 percent in 2000. Transportation, commerce, and services together accounted for 33 percent. And agriculture, together with forestry and fishing, contributed 16 percent.

China is bordered on the north by the Mongolian Republic and Russia; on the north-east by Russia and North Korea; on the east by the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea; on the south by the South China Sea, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), India, Bhutan, and Nepal; on the west by Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan; and on the north-west by Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. China includes more than 3,400 offshore islands, Hainan, in the South China Sea, is by far the largest. The total area of China is about 9,571,300 sq km (3,695,500 sq mi), not including Taiwan, It is the third largest country in the world.

Mountains occupy about 43 per cent of China’s land surface; mountainous plateaus account for another 26 per cent; and basins, predominantly hilly and located mainly in arid regions, cover approximately 19 per cent of the area. Only 12 per cent of the total area may be classed as flatlands. China may be divided into six major geographic regions, north west, north east, Mongolian border lines, Tibetan plateau, Southern and Northern China.

Since its establishment, the People's Republic has worked to win international support for its position that it is the sole legitimate government of all China, including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. In the early 1970s, Beijing was recognized diplomatically by most world powers. Beijing assumed the China seat in the United Nations in 1971 and became increasingly active in multilateral organizations. Japan established diplomatic relations with China in 1972, and the U.S. did so in 1979. The number of countries that have established diplomatic relations with Beijing has risen to 156, while 28 have diplomatic relations with Taiwan.

China is a country that has its stature in the world since it’s a permanent member of the UN Security Council and holds the Veto rights. But since China is a Alike Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Asian Development Bank (ASDB) and the African Development Bank (AFDB) it’s a partner. It’s participating in Financial Aid Officer (FAO), Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESAP), UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIKOM, and many more.

After the founding of the P.R.C., China's foreign policy initially focused on relations with the Soviet Union and other communist countries. China is very concerned with the issue of North Korea. But later on the USSR "betrayed" China, and they started competing; they both wanted to have the strongest influence on Communist nations. After China was disappointed by the USSR’s invasion of Afghanistan and the USSR’s troops in north China, China sought to create a secure regional and global environment for itself and to foster good relations with countries that could aid its economic development. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991, China also opened diplomatic relations with the republics of the former Soviet Union.

In the next few years China improved its relations with other countries it toured the world and China has also made efforts to reduce tensions in Asia; it has contributed to stability on the Korean Peninsula, cultivated a more cooperative relationship with members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Brunei, Burma, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam), and participated in the ASEAN Regional Forum. China has improved ties with Russia. President Putin and President Jiang signed a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in July 2001. The two also joined with the Central Asian nations of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to establish the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in June 2001. The SCO is designed to promote regional stability and cooperate to combat terrorism in the region. China has a number of border and maritime disputes, including with Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin, with a numof countries in the SoChina Sea, as well as with Japan and India. China has resolved many of these disputes, notably including a November 1997 agreement with Russia that resolved almost all outstanding border issues and a 2000 agreemewith Vietnam to resolve some differences overtheir maritime border, though disagreements remain over islands in the South China Sea. Working with India, China has also stepped up efforts to define a line of control on the Sino-Indian border

The Chinese army is formed by, The People’s Liberation Army (PLO) there are several military branches that are Ground Forces, Navy that are broken down into Marines and Naval Aviation, Air Force, Second Artillery Corps (the tactical missile force), People’s Armed Police which include inside security groups, supposedly minor to Ministry of Public Security. People are available for the military 18, the military force is 366,306,353.

China for the past decade has been strong and stable military wise, it also has massive abilities and strength to advance. By the second China is modernizing and spending money on it’s military so that it’ll advance and has increased it’s spending to 12.608 though this doesn’t include all the items so the spending might be 12 times as much. Despite the fact that China has a very weak low-technology starting point the Chinese engineers are able to learn and produce rapidly.

In every successful organized structure there has to be some form of leadership or the structure would have to collapse. An example was the League of Nations which was a terrible failure because of the lack of veto. China has never used the veto power to its own advantage unlike other particular nations. China understands that the Veto is a privilege, it understands its responsibilities.

The U.S unlike China abuses and keeps on abusing this great gift that the people of the world has given it, it Vetoed humanitarian resolutions, it Vetoes all resolutions concerning Palestine and Bosnia. The U.S used it Veto 35 times against Palestine for the last three decades. However the Veto is very important for the survival and peace of our world.

On the other hand China finds that having 5 permanent members out of fifteen in the SC only is very unfair. China proposes having 5 new non-Veto seats added, these seats would be reserved for the Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Erope and the Americas. They would change the country in the seat every session (five years). Another addition is of 5 seat that are non-permanent making the SC 25 members.

Global consumption of water is doubling every 20 years, more than twice the rate of human population growth. Currently every 1 out of 5 people has no access to drinkable water. Eighty percent of China's major rivers are so degraded they no longer support fish. China is facing the likelihood of severe grain shortages because of water depletion and the shift of water resources from agriculture to industry and cities. The demand for grain in China soon could exceed the entire world's available exportable supply.

The conflict between the demand and the supply of freshwater is growing more and more apparent, and if action is not taken, limits of available water could have a major effect on development, especially in developing countries. A world wide approach is needed, the whole world has to cooperate to meet the challenge. Much of the difficulties are matters of coordination and management, it is true that the chief responsibility for an effective response lay at the local and national levels, but nontheless, international involvement is essential. A sustainable international strategy for water use is needed, help is needed. developing countries are having the most problems with the financial challenges and technological challenges posed by water problems.

Some countries of the world are suffering because of the battles they’ve been through a war or battle. This causes damage and the country needs help in the renewal of its land.

China feels that the UN should help since it’s a world organization that is setup to help solve the world’s problems. Considering that this is a major problem it must be solved by something that is of greater power than countries. It is to be solved by the UN, which is the power of unity. Plus this problem does not affect China and because of that China does not give so much thought to it. If an allay country was recovering from conflict China would be quick with support, but if it was a enemy country China would use it’s VETO power to abort the resolution.

Defining women as one gender of Mankind whom deserves women rights, which are the socioeconomic, political and legal rights that women are worthy of. Throughout the world these rights are not granted and this causes problems in the world.

However in China where communism grants all human rights and thinks it’s very important to providing legal protection to females. Therefore women in China enjoy equal legal status with men. It granted them the following in 1949: -

This shows that China as a country is both a promoter of human rights and it doesn’t neglect any Chinese citizen, but even though China does not always do as it says it does for sometimes forced abortions because of the highly escalating amount of people.

Forum: Assembly A.

Delegation: of China.

Delegate: Khaled-Al Rubie.

Question of: The Security Council Reform.

Pointing out that Africa, Oceania, South America and the Middle East have no permanent voice in the Security Council,

Proclaims that the Millennium Summit of the United Nations adopted the United Nations Millennium Declaration on September 8th, which states, ?inter? ?alia?, that "we resolve to intensify our efforts to achieve a comprehensive reform of the Security Council in all its aspects", it is a solemn commitment made by leaders of all Member States on the Security Council reform,

Expecting that if an issue was debated in the UN the debate would be different if the concerned country is in the Security Council,

Emphasizing that in order to dissolve contradictions and conflicts in the U.N reform effectively and achieve a lasting peace and common security, the purposes and principles of the UN Charter must be strictly complied with,

Pointing out that of all the members of the UN more than 50% are developing nations, therefore we should first of all address the under-representation of the developing countries in the council especially in Africa,

Congratulating the 55th Session of the GA and the Chairman of the Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other Matters for his remarks "the time may have come to consider other avenues that would advance this process",

Noting with regret that during the Gulf War no middle eastern nation was on the Security Council which caused the Security council to make decision without a concern nation making its point and explaining it to the members to help them make a better decision,

Deeply Concerned for the under represantaion of Islamic and Arabic views in the Security Council,

Bearing in mind that the there is no sense of geographical equity when choosing nations on the Security council,

1. Resolves that the UN Security Council increases from 15 members to 25;

2. Resolves that the new Security Council will function in the following way:

a. the arrangement of the former 15 will not change,

b. of the new ten seats five will be non-permanent seats and the other 5 will be permanent non-Veto seats given to regional organizations,

c. the 5 non-permanent seats will not be chosen the same way the former 10 were chosen;

3. Recommends that 4 of the permanent 5 non-Veto members on the new Security Council will be given to regional organizations:

a. The Organization of African Unity,

b. The Arab League,

c. The Organization of American States,

d. The European Union;

4. Further Recommends That the fifth non-Veto Permanent seat will be shared by Australia, India, Pakistan, and The Association of Southeast Asian Nations it will function like this:

a. Every Security Council term (2 years) will have one representative,

b. The representatives will rotate one term with Australia one with Pakistan one with India and one with ASEAN,

c. ASEAN’s Representative will be chosen the same way the other Regional organizations choose their representative;

5. Further Requests that the regional organizations will choose their representatives in the following ways:

a. before every term of the Security Council the regional organization will vote for a member it wants to make a representative,

b. the regional organizations have the right to impeach or switch their representative if there is an emergency;

6. Further Resolves That the 5 non-permenant new members will be chosen by the last term’s Security Council 10 non-permenant;

7. Recommends That the old 10 non-permenant members will be chosen by a vote from the general assembly;

8. Resolves That every session of the Security Council will last 2 years and a half unless the General Assembly dissolves it by:

a. With a unanimous vote the General assembly (except the ones on the Security Council ) can dissolve the 15 non-permenant members,

b. The General Assembly will choose the new 15,

c. The General Assembly will choose which should be the new 5 and the new 10.

Country: The Peoples Republic of China

Delegate: Muneera Al- Nibari

The Question of: The Role of the United Nations in placing a clear framework that clearly defines woman’s rights and sets guidelines that ensure the implementation of these rights.

Defining women as a gender of Mankind whom has the right to life, liberty, and security of person,

Approves of THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (UDHR) that is a common standard set for all peoples and all nations, to the extent of every individual and every organ of society, this Declaration shall attempt to teach and educate, to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by advancing actions shall secure the universal identification of humans, among the peoples of Member States themselves and the territories under their control,

Expressing Its Appreciation towards Amnesty International that has over a million members from 140 different countries, for its effort through its Human Rights Education Campaign, whose pillars are:

a) Help prevent violations

b) Strengthen action and campaigns

d) Encourages respect and tolerance

e) Integrates the principles of human rights into everyday life,

Applauds the U.N.’s World Conference on Women in Beijing, which is an event that gained respect for women’s rights and will continue to improve the status of women around the globe,

Draws the attention to the fact that women face disadvantages in societies around the world common problems are lower pay for work of equal value, high illiteracy rates, and have been abused and assaulted against, sometimes sexually,

Pointing out that it’s not equal pay for equal work because according http://web.amnesty.org/web/content.nsf/pages/gbr_SADC to women employed in industry and services are earning 78 per cent of what men earn in the same sector,

Noting with deep concern that according to http://www.un.org/WCAR/e-kit/issues.htm out of the 960 million illiterate adults two-thirds are women,

Alarmed by the escalating 1.3 billion living in poverty and 70 per cent are women,

Defining trafficking as the act of trading, dealing or harboring, in this case women within or across borders by deception or coercion,

Bearing in mind that millions of women, are tricked, sold, or even forced into situations of exploitation from which they cannot escape,

Supports The Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women (GAATW) for its effort, which includes its National Advocacy Project (NAP) that includes:

a) Achievement of the Trafficking Protocol and the passing of national legislation that will include human rights protection for trafficked persons,

b) Implementation of the Human Rights Standards (HRS) by agencies providing services,

c) Network building with a focus on these objectives,

1) Requests that countries do the following escalating and delicately balance their religious and cultural beliefs, and not be forced to for that’s interfering with national sovereignty:

a) Equal political rights

b) Equal working rights

c) Equal ownership of property rights

d) Equal rights to life, health and freedom

e) Equal rights in family and marriage

f) Equal educational rights,

2) Condemns the rapidly spreading act of trafficking and all of those supporting it through out the world,

3) Resolves the creation of the organization United Nations Against Trafficking UNAT,

4) Calls upon all countries to cooperate and become a member of the UNAT so that we’ll bring down trafficking and member countries will do the following:

a) Define trafficking as all forms of forced labor, services, slavery and sexual exploitation,

b) Any persons not abiding this law will be sentenced to jail

i. if the slavery is violated for 20 years,

ii. life imprisonment will be given to violations that include death, kidnapping, sexual abuse of victim,

c) Increase security around places where traffickers might come through like:

i. Docks

ii. Border crossings

5) Further resolves that the seriousness of trafficking is not known to the world and the UNAT will:

a) Broaden teaching about trafficking all through member countries by:

i. Campaigns and awareness programs in places open to the public

ii. Increasing education about trafficking through classes in schools

b) Enhance awareness through media programs like:

i. Television commercials and infomercials

ii. Radio advertisements

iii. Posters and pamphlets given out in public places,

6) Requests that trafficked people be treated as victims of serious human rights violations and taken into shelters that will provide the following:

a) A place to stay until stable

b) Medical and physiological assistance

c) Information on legal rights

i. trafficking victims will not be arrested

ii. victims are able to seek witness protection programs

d) Education and training to find jobs for self support,

7) Expresses its faith in the UNAT creating a world free with harsher laws on trafficking and support for trafficking victims.

Hello honorable delegates, I’m grateful to be in your presence. Here today from a multi-national country with an ancient civilization full of dragons and mythology. A history that goes back 5,000 years with a big family of 1.2 billion, we have a variety of unique folklores due to the long history of these families as well as the different natural and cultural environments in which they live. There are festivals in the spring, summer, autumn and winter, where you may enter this oriental dreamland to experience different folklores. A Great Wall for a great country, in our homeland we have the Great Wall of China, which is one of the largest building constructions ever completed. Be sure to visit a nation nourished in civilization and flourished to to the 21-century.

We are in the 21-century and for us to live in a world free of coercion, discrimination, and violence we need acceptance of diversities. Today prejudice against women is increasing and together we have to put an end to this. Trafficking is a phenomenon that concerns and affects most countries of the world. The Trafficking of women and children is the new trend of the century, easy cash at no cost. All that is going to change today because we will unite to stop trafficking and start executing consequences.

Hello honorable delegates, I’m grateful to be in your presence. Here today from a multi-national country with an ancient civilization full of dragons and mythology. In our homeland festivals take place in the spring, summer, autumn and winter, where you may enter an oriental dreamland to experience different folklores. A Great Wall for a great country, in our homeland we have the Great Wall of China, which is one of the largest building constructions ever completed.

Be sure to visit a nation nourished in civilization and flourished to adjust to the 21-century.

We are in the 21-century and for us to live in a world free of discrimination, and violence we need acceptance of diversities. Today prejudice against women is increasing and together we have to put an end to this. Trafficking is a phenomenon that concerns and affects most countries of the world. The Trafficking of women and children is the new trend of the century, easy cash at no cost. All that is going to change today because we will unite to stop trafficking and start executing consequences.

Statements of the Ambassadors